Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) represent highly prevalent human pathogens with high global prevalence rates of approximately 67% (HSV-1) and 13% (HSV-2). Manifestations of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections include vesicular...

People with diabetes, particularly those with poorly controlled blood glucose levels, exhibit a 1.5 to 4-fold increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. This heightened vulnerability is primarily attributed to immune system dysfunctions exacerbated by hyperglycaemia. Impaired...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic bacteria causing non-invasive and invasive infections. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into national immunization program heavily affects serotype distribution and reduces antibiotic resistance. The aim of the study is...

Pertussis or whooping cough is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable, respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, and transmitted through the respiratory tract (aerosol). According to the reports of the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease...

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms enclosed in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and extracellular DNA. These biofilms can form on a variety of surfaces and pose a...